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SUMMARY: Cadmium (Cd) is the industrial and environmental toxic heavy metal which is found in air, water and soil. Cd, adversely affects many organs in humans such as kidney, intestine, liver, testis and lungs. L-carnitine (LC) is an important agent that plays essential role in energy metabolism. In our study, we aimed to work out whether LC application has any protective effect on intestinal contractility and morphologic damage of prepubertal rat duodenum on Cd-induced toxicity. Twenty eight prepubertal female Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The first group is control (C), second group; Cd group; Cadmium chloride was given 2 mg/kg 28 days with a one-day break by i.p. The third group; Cd+LC, which cadmium chloride was given 2 mg/kg i.p. and LC was given orally by gastric lavage. The LC dose was given as 75 mg/kg. The fourth group; LC, which only LC was given orally. The intestinal segments were isolated and suspended in tissue bath. Contractile responses were induced by acetylcholine (ACh) and relaxation was achieved with phenylephrine. Also the segments were examined for histological changes by light microscopy. Ach-induced contractions were higher in Cd+LC, LC, and control group compared to the Cd group in duodenal segments. The phenylephrine-induced relaxations were lower in Cd groups as compared with Control, Cd+LC and LC group in duodenal segments. In Cd group intestinal morphology was observed to be severely damaged whereas in Cd+LC group the damage was noticeably lower. Cd administration caused severe cellular damage and decreased gastrointestinal motility. Treatment with the LC has affected the gastrointestinal contractility and reduced the damage in intestinal morphology, which occured after Cd application.
El cadmio (Cd) es el metal pesado tóxico industrial y ambiental que se encuentra en el aire, el agua y el suelo. El Cd afecta negativamente a muchos órganos humanos, como los riñones, los intestinos, el hígado, los testículos y los pulmones. La L-carnitina (LC) es un agente importante que juega un rol esencial en el metabolismo energético. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la aplicación de LC tiene algún efecto protector sobre la contractilidad intestinal y el daño morfológico del duodeno de rata prepuberal sobre la toxicidad inducida por Cd. Veintiocho ratas Wistar hembras prepúberes se dividieron en cuatro grupos. El primer grupo control (C), segundo grupo; grupo cd; Se administró cloruro de cadmio 2 mg/kg durante 28 días con un descanso de un día por vía i.p. El tercer grupo; Cd+LC, al que se administró cloruro de cadmio 2 mg/kg i.p. y LC se administró por vía oral mediante lavado gástrico. La dosis de LC se administró como 75 mg/kg. El cuarto grupo; LC, al cual solo LC se administraba por vía oral. Los segmentos intestinales fueron aislados y suspendieron en baño de tejido. Las respuestas contráctiles fueron inducidas por acetilcolina (ACh) y la relajación se logró con fenilefrina. También se examinaron los segmentos en busca de cambios histológicos mediante microscopía óptica. Las contracciones inducidas por Ach fueron mayores en Cd+LC, LC y el grupo control en comparación con el grupo Cd en los segmentos duodenales. Las relajaciones inducidas por fenilefrina fueron menores en los grupos Cd en comparación con el grupo Control, Cd+LC y LC en los segmentos duodenales. En el grupo Cd se observó que la morfología intestinal estaba severamente dañada mientras que en el grupo Cd+LC el daño fue notablemente menor. La administración de Cd causó daño celular severo y disminución de la motilidad gastrointestinal. El tratamiento con LC afectó la contractilidad gastrointestinal y redujo el daño en la morfología intestinal, que ocurría después de la aplicación de Cd.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Cadmium/toxicity , Carnitine/administration & dosage , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Diseases/prevention & control , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology , Muscle Contraction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of L-carnitine (LCAR) on cognitive dysfunction in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.Methods:Totally 90 SD male rats (SPF class) aged 3-4 months were divided into four groups according to random number talbe: sham operated control group (SHAM group, n=15), sham operated with L-carnitine treatment group (LCAR group, n=25), 2-vessel occlusion group (2VO group, n=25), and 2-vessel occlusion with L-carnitine treatment group (2VO+ LCAR group, n=25). The chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation, and the carotid arteries from SHAM group and LCAR group were only separated without ligation.L-carnitine was administered intraperitoneally (300 mg·kg -1·d -1) for 30 days after surgery in the LCAR and 2VO+ LCAR groups.After 30 days of L-carnitine intervention, Morris water maze was performed to test the spatial cognitive function of the rats, the ATP level of hippocampal tissue was detected by chemiluminescence, the mitochondrial structure and synaptic structure of hippocampal neurons were observed by transmission electron microscopy, the degree of mitochondrial damage was scored, the vesicle density was counted and measured, the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A or 2B(NR2A/B) and postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) in hippocampal tissue were detected by Western blot.The expression and distribution levels of transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) in brain tissues were observed by immunofluorescence.SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The escape latency data of repeated learning training in Morris water maze was conducted by repetitive measurement ANOVA, while other data were adopted by one-way ANOVA, and Dunnett's t test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:(1)Morris water maze results showed that the time and group interaction of escape latency was not significant among the 4 groups of rats ( F=1.4, P>0.05), but the time main effect and group main effect were significant( F=21.6, 15.2, both P<0.05). Morris water maze results showed that platform position learning from 3rd to 7th day, the escape latencies in 2VO group were longer than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). The results of short-term memory showed that the escape latency in 2VO group was longer than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the retention time and crossing times in the platform area of 2VO group were less than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). (2) The absolute and relative levels of ATP in hippocampus showed that the difference among the 4 groups were statistically significant ( F=14.6, 13.2, both P<0.05). ATP level of hippocampus in 2VO group was lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (both P<0.05). Electron microscopic observation of mitochondrial morphology showed that the Flameng score of mitochondrial damage in the hippocampus of rats in 2VO group (2.82±0.17) was higher than those in SHAM group (0.25±0.07) and 2VO+ LCAR group (1.76±0.09) (both P<0.05). (3) The density of synaptic vesicles in the hippocampus of rats in 2VO group ((289.09±22.41)/μm 2)was lower than those in SHAM group ((497.49±28.89)/μm 2)and 2VO+ LCAR group ((401.23±45.09)/μm 2) (both P<0.01). Western blot results showed that the relative levels of synaptic proteins NR2A/B, PSD95 and CREB in 2VO group were lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that the relative level of CREB expression in hippocampal subregions and cortex in 2VO group was lower than those in SHAM group and 2VO+ LCAR group (both P<0.01). Conclusion:L-carnitine can improve spatial learning and memory dysfunction in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which are related with promoting ATP production and protecting mitochondrial morphology, and promoting synaptic vesicle synthesis and synaptic protein expression.
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Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical respiratory syndrome with limited effective interventions. Lung macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of abnormal inflammatory response in the syndrome. Recently, impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the key lipid metabolic signalings, was found to participate in the onset and development of various lung diseases, including ALI/ARDS. Lipid/fatty acid contents within mouse lungs were quantified using the Oil Red O staining. The protective effect of FAO activator L-carnitine (Lca, 50, 500, or 5 mg/mL) was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, immunoblotting, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence plate reader detection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of Lca (300 mg/kg) was determined in a 10 mg/kg LPS-induced ALI mouse model. We found for the first time that lipid accumulation in pulmonary macrophages was significantly increased in a classical ALI murine model, which indicated disrupted FAO induced by LPS. Lca showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on THP-1 derived macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Lca was able to maintain FAO, mitochondrial activity, and ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics. In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we further discovered that Lca inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and decreased diffuse damage, which might be due to the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. These results broadened our understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and provided a promising drug candidate for this syndrome.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on calcium oxalate-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2).Methods:The effects of calcium oxalate(0, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) on the expression of ferroptosis-related protein long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), cystine/glutamate transporter(XCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in HK-2 cells were detected by Western blotting. The experiment was then divided into four groups: ①control group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, then continued to use normal medium; ②L-carnitine group, cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 hours, then changed to medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine; ③calcium oxalate group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, and then replaced with medium containing 4 mmol/L calcium oxalate; ④calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group, the cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 h, and then replaced with 5mmol/L L-carnitine and 4mmol/L calcium oxalate medium. After changing the culture medium for 24 hours, the cells or supernatants were collected, and the expression levels of ferroptosis-related protein quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), ACSL4, XCT and GPX4 were detected by Western blotting. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde were detected by corresponding kit, and the level of reactive oxygen species in cells was detected by reactive oxygen species kit.Results:The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of ACSL4 protein in 0, 2, 4, 8 mmol/L calcium oxalate was 0.37±0.16, 0.68±0.16, 0.73±0.09, 0.89±0.03 respectively. The expression of XCT protein was 1.11±0.10, 0.91±0.14, 0.83±0.09, 0.80±0.07, respectively. The expression of GPX4 protein was 1.23±0.13, 0.99±0.17, 0.81±0.05, 0.72±0.06, respectively. Compared with 0mmol/L group, the expression of ACSL4 protein increased and the expression of XCT and GPX4 decreased in 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L groups, and the difference was more significant between 4 mmol/L group and 0 mmol/L group. So 4 mmol/L was taken as the optimal concentration for follow-up experiment. The levels of NQO1 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group were (0.36±0.06, 0.54±0.05, 0.76±0.07, 0.90±0.03) respectively. There was significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of ACSL4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.66±0.10, 0.58±0.08, 0.99±0.03, 0.77±0.09) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group(P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of XCT in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.93±0.08, 0.85±0.07, 0.76±0.06, 0.99±0.05). There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GPX4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (1.10±0.09, 1.09±0.09, 0.85±0.03, 0.99±0.02) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of LDH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were (100.00±5.37)%, (99.50±6.38)%, (153.77±6.06)% and (132.50±5.58)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The SOD levels in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±5.79)%, (105.80±3.26)%, (44.74±7.60)% and (85.01±5.15)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GSH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±4.73)%, (107.10±5.48)%, (53.49±3.98)% and (85.18±5.48)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The levels of MDA in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±2.36)%, (98.00±11.10)%, (129.11±2.59)% and (113.35±5.79)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of ferrous ion in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (39.77±0.68) AU, (68.40±3.14) AU and (48.60±4.30) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (63.98±9.41) AU, (145.41±8.39) AU and (85.37±4.51) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy results showed that mitochondria were wrinkled, cristae were broken or disappeared in the calcium oxalate group compared to the control group, and a double-layer membrane structure was evident. DAPI staining showed that compared with the control group, some of the nuclei in the calcium oxalate group were significantly more damaged, while compared with the calcium oxalate group, the nuclei in the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were significantly less damaged. The results of crystal adhesion test showed that compared with the control group, calcium oxalate crystals in the calcium oxalate group adhered to the cells in black-like particles and formed clusters. Compared with the calcium oxalate group, the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine showed less black particles adhering to the cells. Conclusions:L-carnitine may reduce the effects of oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by calcium oxalate, thus reducing cell damage and crystal adhesion.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the small intestine causes serious abdominal pathologies including tissue dysfunction and organ failure. L-carnitine (L-C), a powerful antioxidant, may help lessen the severity of these pathological effects since it plays a key role in energy metabolism. In this work we aimed to study the effects of L-C on the isolated ileal and duodenal contractility and histological changes in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury. Twenty eight Wistar rats were divided into four groups. The first group is the control group. Second group, I/R group, had rats submitted to 45-minutes of intestinal ischemia and to 45-minutes reperfusion. The third group, I/R+ L-C group, rats were treated with L-C 5 minutes before reperfusion and than submitted to ischemia. The fourth group, included rats that were treated with L-C without ischemia or reperfusion. Intestinal ischemia was conducted by obstructing superior mesentery arteries by silk loop. The ileal and duodenal segments were isolated and suspended in tissue bath. Contractile responses were induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and relaxation was achieved with phenylephrine. At the same time the terminal ileal and duodenal segments were examined for histological changes. Ach-induced contraction responses were higher in the I/R+L-C group, the L-C group, and the control group compared to the I/R group, in both ileal and duodenal segments. On the other hand, the phenylephrine-induced relaxations were higher in the I/R+L-C and L-C groups, especially in duodenal segments. In I/R group intestinal morphology was observed to be severely damaged whereas in I/R+L-C group the damage was noticeably lower possibly due to protective properties of L-C. I/R injury caused severe cellular damage response within the muscularis resulting in decreased gastrointestinal motility. Treatment with the L-C has significantly affected the gastrointestinal contractility. Also L-C treatment reduced the damage in intestinal morphology that occurs after IR injury.
RESUMEN: La isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) del intestino delgado provoca graves patologías abdominales que incluyen disfunción tisular y falla orgánica. La L-carnitina (L-C), un poderoso antioxidante, puede ayudar a disminuir la gravedad de estos efectos patológicos, ya que desempeña un papel clave en el metabolismo energético. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los efectos de L-C sobre la contractilidad ileal y duodenal aislada y los cambios histológicos en la lesión por isquemia y reperfusión intestinal. Se dividieron 28 ratas Wistar en cuatro grupos. El primer grupo fue el control. El segundo grupo, grupo I/R, de ratas sometidas durante 45 minutos de isquemia intestinal y a 45 minutos de reperfusión. El tercer grupo, grupo I/R+ L-C, las ratas se trataron con L-C, 5 minutos antes de la reperfusión y luego se sometieron a isquemia. El cuarto grupo, las ratas fueron tratadas con L-C sin isquemia ni reperfusión. La isquemia intestinal se realizó obstruyendo la arteria mesentérica superior con un asa de seda. Los segmentos ileal y duodenal se aislaron y suspendieron en un baño de tejido. Las respuestas contráctiles fueron inducidas por acetilcolina (Ach) y la relajación se logró con fenilefrina. Al mismo tiempo, se examinaron cambios histológicos de los segmentos del íleon terminal y del duodeno. Las respuestas de contracción inducidas por Ach fueron mayores en el grupo I/R+L-C, el grupo L-C y el grupo control en comparación con el grupo I/R, tanto en el segmento ileal como en el duodenal. Por otra parte, las relajaciones inducidas por fenilefrina fueron mayores en los grupos I/R+L-C y L-C, especialmente en los segmentos duodenales. En el grupo I/R se observó que la morfología intestinal estaba dañada significativamente, mientras que en el grupo I/R+L-C el daño fue notablemente menor, posiblemente debido a las propiedades protectoras de L-C. La lesión por I/R causó una respuesta de daño celular severo dentro de la capa muscular que resultó en una disminución de la motilidad gastrointestinal. El tratamiento con L-C afectó significativamente la contractilidad gastrointestinal. Por otra parte, el tratamiento L-C redujo el daño en la morfología intestinal que ocurre después de la lesión por IR.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Carnitine/administration & dosage , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Carnitine/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Intestines/pathology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Abstract Background Sepsis and septic shock are severe and difficult-to-treat conditions with high lethality. There is interest in identifying new adjunct therapies that are effective in reducing mortality. In this context, L-carnitine has been investigated in trials as a potentially beneficial drug. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the clinical evidence to support the use of L-carnitine in septic shock patients to reduce the risk of mortality. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine compared to placebo or Usual Care (UC) on the mortality rate in hospitalized adult septic shock patients. Methods The authors exclusively included randomized clinical trials that compared the use of L-carnitine versus placebo in adult (> 18 years old) septic shock patients. The outcome was a mortality rate of 28 days. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42020180499. Results Following the initial search, 4007 citations were identified, with 2701 remaining after duplicate removal. Eight citations were selected for body text reading, and two were selected for inclusion. The studies enrolled 275 patients, with 186 in the carnitine arm and 89 in the placebo arm. The effect of L-carnitine uses in septic shock patients showed a difference risk of -0.03 (95% Confidence Interval: -0.15-0.10, I2 = 77%, p = 0.69) compared to placebo/in mortality rate with low quality of evidence. Conclusions There is low-quality evidence that the use of L-carnitine has no significant effect on reducing 28-day mortality in septic shock patients.
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Abstract Objective To investigate whether follicular fluid (FF) from infertile women with mild endometriosis (ME) alters in vitro bovine embryo development, and whether the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or L-carnitine (LC) could prevent such damages. Methods Follicular fluid was obtained from infertile women (11 with ME and 11 control). Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro divided in: No-FF, with 1% of FF from control women (CFF) or ME women (MEFF); with 1.5mM NAC (CFF + NAC, MEFF + NAC), with 0.6mg/mL LC (CFF + LC, MEFF + LC), or both antioxidants (CFF + NAC + LC, MEFF + NAC + LC). After in vitro fertilization, in vitro embryo culture was performed for 9 days. Results A total of 883 presumptive zygotes were cultured in vitro. No differences were observed in cleavage rate (p = 0.5376) and blastocyst formation rate (p = 0.4249). However, the MEFF group (12.5%) had lower hatching rate than the No-FF (42.1%, p = 0.029) and CFF (42.9%, p = 0.036) groups. Addition of antioxidants in the group with CFF did not alter hatching rate (p ≥ 0.56), and in groups with MEFF, just NAC increased the hatching rate [(MEFF: 12.5% versus MEFF + NAC: 44.4% (p = 0.02); vs MEFF + LC: 18.8% (p = 0.79); versus MEFF + NAC + LC: 30.8% (p = 0.22)]. Conclusion Therefore, FF from infertile women with ME added to medium of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes impairs hatching rate, and NAC prevented these damages, suggesting involvement of oxidative stress in worst of oocyte and embryo quality of women with ME.
Resumo Objetivo Investigar se o fluido folicular (FF) de mulheres inférteis com endometriose leve (ME, na sigla eminglês) altera o desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões bovinos, e se os antioxidantes N-acetil-cisteína (NAC) e/ou L-carnitina (LC) poderiam prevenir possíveis danos. Métodos O FF foi obtido de mulheres inférteis (11 com ME e 11 controles). Oócitos bovinos foram maturados in vitro divididos em: sem FF (No-FF), com 1% de FF de mulheres controle (CFF) ou mulheres comME (MEFF); com 1,5mMde NAC (CFF + NAC, MEFF + NAC), com 0,6mg/mL de LC (CFF + LC, MEFF + LC), ou ambos antioxidantes (CFF + NAC + LC, MEFF + NAC + LC). Depois da fertilização in vitro, o cultivo in vitro de embriões foi realizado por 9 dias. Resultados Um total de 883 zigotos presumidos foram cultivados in vitro. Nenhuma diferença foi observada na taxa de clivagem (p = 0,5376) e na taxa de formação de blastocistos (p = 0,4249). Entretanto, o grupo MEFF (12.5%) teve menor taxa de eclosão de blastocistos do que os grupos No-FF (42,1%, p = 0,029) e CFF (42,9%, p = 0,036). Adição de antioxidantes no grupo comCFF não alterou a taxa de eclosão (p ≥ 0.56), e nos grupos com MEFF, somente a NAC aumentou a taxa de eclosão [(MEFF: 12.5% versus MEFF + NAC: 44.4% (p = 0.02); versus MEFF + LC: 18.8% (p = 0.79); versus MEFF + NAC + LC: 30.8% (p = 0.22)]. Conclusão Portanto, o FF de mulheres inférteis com ME adicionado ao meio de maturação in vitro de oócitos bovinos prejudica a taxa de closão embrionária, e a NAC preveniu esses danos, sugerindo o envolvimento do estresse oxidativo na piora da qualidade oocitária e embrionária de mulheres com ME.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Endometriosis , Infertility, Female , Oocytes , Follicular Fluid/metabolism , Embryonic Development , Disease Models, AnimalABSTRACT
@#AIM: To investigate the effect of L-carnitine(LC)on corneal epithelial repair and its regulatory molecular mechanism in the hypertonic and inflammatory environment caused by alkali burn.<p>METHODS: Ninety-six healthy C57/6J mice were randomly divided into blank control group, phosphate buffered solution(PBS)group and LC group. The blank control group did not receive any treatment, LC group and PBS group were prepared acute alkali burn models. LC group was given 60mmol/L LC eye drops, and PBS group was given PBS eye drops, 6 times/d, for continuous days from one day before alkali burn. The repair of corneal epithelium was observed by fluorescein sodium staining under slit lamp microscope at 0h, 3 and 7d. On the 3d, the expressions of Ki-67 and IL-1β proteins in cornea were detected by immunofluorescence, the total proteins of corneal epithelial were extracted for Western blot to detect the expression of P63, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and phosphorylation level of STAT3.<p>RESULTS: The results of corneal fluorescein sodium staining showed that on the 3 and 7d after alkali burn, the percentage of residual corneal epithelial defect area in PBS group compared with LC group was(29.38±6.83)% <i>vs</i>(17.78±4.11)% and(14.23±4.51)% <i>vs</i>(4.10±2.10)%, respectively(<i>P</i><0.01). The repair of corneal epithelium in LC group was faster than that in PBS group. On the 3d, compared with the blank control group, the expressions of pyroptosis related proteins NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the corneal epithelium of the alkali burn treated mice were up-regulated, the expression of P63 was decreased, and the p-STAT3/STAT3 level was increased, all the differences were significant except cleaved Caspase-1 of blank control group <i>vs</i> LC group. Compared with PBS group, in LC group, the expression of NLRP3, pro Caspase-1 and cleaved Caspase-1 protein were decreased, P63 was up-regulated, and p-STAT3 /STAT3 was increased, all the differences were significant. Immunofluorescence showed that compared with the blank control group,the expressions of IL-1β and Ki-67 were up-regulated in the alkali burned group. Compared with PBS group, the expression of Ki-67 protein was up-regulated and IL-1β was decreased in LC group.<p>CONCLUSION: LC can promote the proliferation of stem/progenitor cells in the corneal epithelium of mice and further promote the repair of corneal epithelium after alkali burn by inhibiting the pyroptosis signaling pathway and promoting the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the effect s of Bifidobacterium combined with L-carnitine on intestinal flora of dysbacteriosis diarrhea model rats. METHODS ：Totally 30 SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group ，model group ，probiotics group（Bifidobacterium triple viable enteric coated capsules 70 mg/mL），L-carnitine group （L-carnitine injection 50 mg/mL）and L-carnitine+probiotics group （L-carnitine injection 50 mg/mL+Bifidobacterium triple viable enteric coated capsules 70 mg/mL）. Except for blank control group ，the rats in other groups were given 50 mg/mL clindamycin phosphate intragastrically （2 mL/rat， once a day ，for 4 consecutive days ）to establish the model of dysbacteriosis diarrhea. On the 5th day of the experiment ，the rats in administration groups were given corresponding drugs intragastrically ，blank control group and model group were given equal volume of normal saline intragastrically ；with the dosage volume of 1 mL/rat，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. The general situation of rats in each group was observed during the experiment. The feces of normal control group and model group at the end of the modeling and the feces of the rats in administration group after the last administration were collected for genomic DNA extraction，polymerase chain reaction amplification ，library construction and high-throughput sequencing. After processing ，the effective data were analyzed by operational taxonomic unitsclustering and species annotation ，as well as Alpha and Beta diversity of compared with blank control group ，grade 1 feces and grade 2feces were found in model group. The diversity and richness of intestinal flora ，the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and zhongjuanwang7@163.com the abundance of probiotics such as Lactobacillus， Bifidobacterium and Ackermann were significantly decreased （P＜0.05），while the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus was significantly increased （P＜0.05）. At the end of the recovery period ，compared with model group ，the activity，fecal morphology and color of rats in probiotics group ，L-carnitine group and L-carnitine+probiotics group returned to normal，and the diversity and richness of intestinal flora had no significant difference （P＞0.05）. However ，the abundance of Lactobacillus in intestinal tract was increased to a certain extent ，and the abundance of Ackermann in intestinal tract of rats in L-carnitine+probiotics group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Although Bifidobacterium combined with L-carnitine have no significant effect on improving the diversity and richness of intestinal flora in dysbacteriosis diarrhea model rats，it could increase the abundance of probiotics to a certain extent.
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RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el rol de la L-carnitina (LC) sobre el estrés oxidativo inducido por fructosa en ratas Holtzman. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental durante 56 días, con cuatro grupos: control, control+LC, fructosa y fructosa+LC. Los grupos con fructosa recibieron el tratamiento durante los 56 días, y los grupos con LC lo recibieron en los últimos 28 días. La fructosa se dio a libre demanda y la LC se administró por vía oral a una dosis de 500 g/kg/24 h. En el hígado se midió la lipoperoxidación (MDA), la actividad de superóxido dismutasa, las proteínas mitocondriales y posmitocondriales, y la LC libre. En el plasma se midió la glicemia, el índice de modelo homeostático para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR) e insulina. En el páncreas se midió la insulina y se realizó la histología. Resultados: El tratamiento con LC en el hígado mostró disminución (p < 0,05) de MDA frente al grupo control (21,73 ± 5,36 nmol/g tejido vs. 64,46 ± 7,87 nmol/g tejido). Las proteínas mitocondriales y posmitocondriales aumentaron (p < 0,05) frente al grupo control. La insulina pancreática también aumentó frente al control (341,8 ± 42,3 μUI/ml vs. 70,1 ± 9,6 μUI/ml, p<0,05). El rol de LC frente al estrés oxidativo inducido por fructosa no mostró disminución de MDA, pero produjo disminución (p < 0,05) en la actividad de SOD Cu/Zn (9,39 ± 1,5 USOD/mg proteína vs. 13,52 ± 1,5 USOD/mg proteína). En el plasma, se observó que la LC mejora el valor de la HOMA-IR. Histológicamente, la presencia de LC aumentó el número y tamaño de islotes de Langerhans. Conclusiones: La LC favorece los cambios del metabolismo oxidativo y ante el consumo de fructosa contribuye con la homeostasis glicémica.
ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the role of L-carnitine (LC) on fructose-induced oxidative stress in Holtzman rats. Materials and methods: An experimental study was carried out during 56 days, in patients assigned to 4 groups: control, control+LC, fructose and fructose+LC. Patients in the fructose group received treatment during 56 days, and those in the LC groups were treated during the last 28 days. Fructose was given on demand and LC was administered orally at a dose of 500 g/kg/24 h. Lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase activity, free LC and mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial proteins were measured in liver tissue. Glycemia, insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in blood plasma. We measured insulin concentration and studied the histology of pancreatic tissue. Results: LC treatment showed a decrease (p < 0.05) of MDA when compared to the control group (21.73 ± 5.36 nmol/g tissue vs. 64.46 ± 7.87 nmol/g tissue). Mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial proteins increased (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control group; pancreatic insulin also increased when compared to the control (341.8 ± 42.3 μUI/ml vs. 70.1 ± 9.6 μUI/ml, p<0.05). The role of LC against fructose-induced oxidative stress did not show any decrease of MDA, but decreased (p < 0.05) SOD Cu/Zn activity (9.39 ± 1.5 USOD/mg protein vs. 13.52 ± 1.5 USOD/mg protein). We observed that LC improves HOMA-IR in blood plasma. Histological analysis of the pancreas showed that the presence of LC increased the number and size of the islets of Langerhans. Conclusions: LC favors changes in the oxidative metabolism and it also contributes to glycemic homeostasis when fructose is consumed.
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Animals , Mice , Carnitine , Oxidative Stress , Fructose , Antioxidants , Superoxide Dismutase , Blood Glucose , Insulin , MalondialdehydeABSTRACT
The idea of regenerating lost myocardium via cell-based therapies remains as highly considerable. C-kit? stem/progenitor cells are represented to be suitable candidates for cardiac regeneration compared to other stem cells.A multitude of cytokines from these cells are known to give such multifunctional properties; however, theassociated mechanisms of these factors are yet to be totally understood. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the in vitro effect of L-carnitine (LC) on cardiac differentiation of c-kit? cells using a cytokinessecretion assay. For this purpose, bone-marrow-resident-c-kit? cells were enriched by MACS method, andwere differentiated to cardiac cells using cardiomyocyte differentiation medium in the absence (control group)and presence of LC (experimental group). Also, characterization of enriched c-kit? cells was performed usingflow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. In the following, the cells were subjected to real-time PCR andWestern blotting assay for gene and protein assessment, respectively. Afterward, culture medium was collectedfrom both control (-LC) and experimental groups (? LC) for cytokine measurement. It was found that 0.2mM LC significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of cardiac markers of Ang-1, Ang-2, C-TnI,VEGF, vWF, and SMA in c-kit?-cardiomyogenic-differentiated cells. Also, the significant presence of IL-6,IGF-1, TGF-b, and VEGF were obvious in the cultured media from the experimental group compared with thecontrol group. It can be concluded that the mentioned in vitro effects of LC on cardiac differentiation of c-kit?cells could have resulted from the secreted cytokines IL-6, IGF-1, TGF-b, and VEGF.
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Background:Increasing the bird’s wealth and increasing the growth rate are among the goals of increasing the animal wealth so; we studied the effects of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens. Methods:Eighty broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each group included twenty chicks. Group 1, was negative control with no treatment of feed or water. Group 2, the regular drinking water was replaced by L-carnitine-infused water (1 gram per liter). Group 3, the regular drinking water was replaced by calf thymus extract-infused water (1 ml per liter). Group 4, the regular drinking water was replaced by both L-carnitine and calf thymus extract-infused water. This treatment was administered from day 1 to day 30 of the cycle. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were assessed. The hemogram, leuckogram, total protein, globulin, albumin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and interleukin 2 were measured.Results:The hemogram and leuckogram parameters recorded a significant increase in treated groups compared to non treated group.The final body weight for all treatments was nearly the same, but slightly higher with application of L-carnitine. Phagocytic activity, index, TP, globulin and IL2 were significantly increased in treated groups.Conclusions:Both L-carnitine and thymus extract have significantly improved the general health condition, in addition, calf thymus extract improved notonly the general body condition but also act has immunomodulatory effect which require more further studies
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Objective: To prepare a drug delivery system based on L-carnitine modified and quercetin (QUE)-coloading chitosan-stearic acid (LC-SA/CS-SA) nanomicelles, investigate the properties of micelles, and evaluate the enhanced absorption effect of the micelles by in vivo intestinal absorption in rats. Methods: The CS-SA copolymer was synthesized by the amidation of free amino groups on CS. The chemical structure of CS-SA was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Taking PTX was the main drug and quercetin as the auxiliary drug, the particle size distribution, Zeta potential, drug loading and entrapment efficiency of the micelles were investigated. The micromorphology of the micelles was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of LC-SA/CS-SA micelles was measured by fluorescent probe method. The in vitro release of paclitaxel from polymeric micelles was evaluated by dialysis method. The absorption rate coefficient (Ka) of paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded micelles was assessed by in vivo intestine absorption in rats. Results: The results of FT-IR and 1HNMR indicated that the copolymer (CS-SA) was synthesized. The LC-SA/CS-SA@ QUE+PTX micelles showed regular spherical shapes with particle size of (148.3 ± 1.7) nm, PDI of 0.16 ± 0.07, Zeta potential of (24.600 ± 0.167) mV and CMC of 14.31 µg/mL. Compared to the commercial formulation of PTX, LC-SA/CS-SA@QUE+PTX micelles and LC-SA/CS-SA@PTX micelles showed significantly sustained release behaviors. The enhanced absorption effect of PTX in the micelle system was confirmed by intestine absorption test in rats. Conclusion: The LC-SA/CS-SA@QUE+PTX micelles, as a potential oral absorption promoter, enhanced the intestinal absorption of PTX in rats.
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OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate clinical efficacy of L-carnitine in the treatment of male infertility ，and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment of male infertility. METHODS ：Retrieved from CNKI ，Wanfang database ， VIP，CBM，PubMed，Embase and the Cochrane library ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about L-carnitine and other chemical drugs in the treatment of male infertility were collected during the inception to Apr. 12th，2020. After data extraction of included literatures and quality evaluation with modified Jadad scale ，Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS：A total of 8 RCTs were included ，with 520 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with other chemical drugs ，L-carnitine could significantly enhance the semen volume [MD＝0.55，95％CI（0.20，0.91），P＝0.002] and sperm mortality rate [MD＝1.60，95％CI（0.50，2.69），P＝0.004] of male infertility patients ，with statistical significance. There was no statistical significance in sperm count [MD＝4.00，95％ CI（－3.15，11.15），P＝0.27]，the percentage of forward motile sperm [MD＝12.58，95％CI（－3.87，29.03），P＝0.13]，and the percentage of inducing pregnancy rate [OR＝0.85，95％CI（0.47，1.52），P＝ 0.58] of male infertility patients. CONCLUSIONS ：L-carnitine can significantly improve the semen volume and sperm mortality of male infertility patients ，and has the same effects as other drugs on improving sperm count ，percentage of forward motile sperm and percentage of inducing pregnancy rate.
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Neuropathic pain (NP) is a medical condition induced by diseases or lesions in the primary or inner cell systems that influence somatosensory nervous system buildings. Central NP, including backbone pain; multiple sclerosis, is recurrent. NP has an important impact on the life of patients and a strong economic impact on people and the society. some small neuropathy responds like a NSAID, aspirin and ibuprofen to an over-the-counter drug. More strong medicine (such as anti-depressants and serotonin-epinephrine reuptake inhibitors), anticonvulsants (pregabalin and gabapentin), and topical lidocaine-these are recognized as the most advanced neuropathical treatment-is also needed for other serious circumstances to increase ache leadership. Supplemental drugs, such as beta lipoic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, benfotiamine, taurine and others, have been studied for neuropathic pain relieve under doctors to guarantee safe use and not bring any medicines that may interact with the dietary supplement. A medical procedure has been investigated for a neuro-lipoic pain relief. In specific, owing to the power of drug contrast with alternative products and owing to the effect of some drugs, it was considered that the drugs are (in spite of their side effects) more helpful and efficient to relieve neuropathic pain than the option, since neuropathic pain represents a serious illness and needs a more strong and effective therapy technology (particularly in severe cases).
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Abstract Background: The increased use of body reserves observed during peripartum leads to higher needs of L-carnitine by cows, which is restrictive under the production conditions of Colombian high tropics. Objective: To evaluate the lipotropic potential of L-carnitine in Holstein dairy cows during the transition period to lactation. Methods: Twenty-one Holstein cows were fed 0, 100, or 200 g/d L-carnitine fumarate from d 260 of gestation to d 20 postpartum. Hepatic triacylglycerides concentration, total carnitine, free carnitine, acylcarnitine, and serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) and urea were determined by spectrophotometry. Repeated measures analysis was used to determine the effects of dose, measurement period, and their interactions. Results: Hepatic triglycerides and the different forms of carnitine showed no difference between sampling periods (p>0.05). Hepatic triglycerides concentration was low and decreased in response to 200 g/d L-carnitine fumarate supplementation (p<0.05). This decrease in hepatic triglycerides could be due to increased fatty acid oxidation. L-carnitine supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) blood urea concentration, possibly through stimulation of the urea cycle, as previously described in other species. Conclusion: Supplementation with L-carnitine decreased the hepatic concentration of triglycerides, possibly due to increased liver oxidation of fatty acids.
Resumen Antecedentes: El incremento en la utilización de reservas corporales durante el periparto en vacas exige una alta disponibilidad de L-carnitina, la cual puede ser limitante bajo las condiciones propias de producción del trópico alto colombiano. Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial lipotrópico de la L-carnitina en vacas lecheras Holstein durante el periodo de transición a la lactancia. Métodos: Se suministraron dosis de 0, 100 y 200 g/d de fumarato de L-carnitina a 21 vacas Holstein a partir del d 260 de gestación y hasta el d 20 postparto. Se determinaron las concentraciones hepáticas de triacilglicéridos, carnitina total, carnitina libre y acil carnitina, y las concentraciones plasmáticas de ácidos grasos no esterificados (NEFA), β-hidroxibutirato (β-HB) y urea. Un análisis de medidas repetidas fue usado para determinar los efectos de la dosis, el periodo de medición, y sus interacciones. Resultados: Las concentraciones hepáticas de triglicéridos y de las diferentes formas de carnitina no difirieron significativamente (p>0,05) entre periodos de muestreo. La concentración hepática de triglicéridos fue baja, y mostró una disminución significativa (p<0,05) en respuesta a la suplementación con 200 g/d de fumarato de L-carnitina. La disminución en los triglicéridos hepáticos podría deberse a un aumento en la oxidación de ácidos grasos. La suplementación con L-carnitina aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) la concentración de urea en sangre, posiblemente a través de un mecanismo de estimulación del ciclo de la urea, descrito previamente en otras especies. Conclusión: La suplementación con L-carnitina disminuyó la concentración hepatica de trigliceridos, debido posiblemente a un aumento en la oxidación de ácidos grasos en hígado.
Resumo Antecedentes: O aumento do uso de reservas corporais durante o periparto requer alta disponibilidade de L-carnitina, que pode ser limitante nas condições de produção no trópico alto colombiano. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial lipotrópico da L-carnitina em vacas leiteiras Holstein durante o período de transição para a lactação. Métodos: Quantidades de 0, 100 e 200 g/d de fumarato de L-carnitina foram administradas a 21 vacas holandesas durante o d 260 da gestação e até ao d 20 pós-parto. Foram determinadas as concentrações hepáticas de triacilglicerídeos, carnitina total, carnitina livre e acil carnitina e as concentrações plasmáticas de ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA), β-hidroxibutirato (β-HB) e ureia. Uma análise das medidas repetidas foi usada para determinar os efeitos da dose, período de medição e suas interações. Resultados: As concentrações hepáticas de triglicerídeos e as diferentes formas de carnitina não diferiram significativamente entre os períodos de amostragem (p>0,05). A concentração hepática de triglicerídeos foi baixa e mostrou diminuição significativa (p<0,05) em resposta à suplementação com 200 g/d de fumarato de L-carnitina. A diminuição dos triglicerídeos hepáticos pode ser devido a um aumento na oxidação de ácidos graxos. A suplementação com L-carnitina aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) a concentração de ureia no sangue, possivelmente através de um mecanismo de estimulação do ciclo da ureia previamente descrito em outras espécies. Conclusão: A suplementação com L-carnitina diminuiu a concentração hepática de triglicerídeos, possivelmente devido ao aumento da oxidação de ácidos graxos no fígado.
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Objectives: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) and L-carnitine extract are a commercial product used as a nutraceutic herbal widely. They have antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. This study hypothesized that GB and L-carnitine may have protective effects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced oxidative damage in kidney in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups (G1, control; G2, GBLE; G3, L-carnitine; G4, Pentylenetetrazole; G5&G6, pre and post treated PTZ with L-carnitine groups respectively; G7&G8, pre and post treated PTZ with GBLE respectively). Results: Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and cystatin c were significantly increased in PTZ group when compared with control. Also; kidney homogenate MDA and DNA fragmentation were increased when compared with control while, significant decrease in CAT, SOD, GST and TAC in PTZ when compared with control. On other hand pre and post-treatment with L-carnitine and GBLE improved these parameters. Conclusions: The results revealed that; the treatment with L-carnitine improved these parameters more than GBLE and the results of post treatment were better than pre-treatment.
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ABSTRACT Objective. Investigate the effects of L-carnitine as a potential means of reducing the incidence of ascites in broilers and its relationship with physiological and biochemical paramaters. Material and methods. One-day-old 300 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the trial. The group without L-carnitine supplementation (0) was assigned as control and the groups that received 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation in water were assigned as treatment groups. The trial was completed in 35 days. Results. L-carnitine supplementation did not have any significant effect on live weight gain, feed consumption, water consumption and feed conversion ratio. Levels of blood plasma and hemogram parameters HDL, Triglyceride, CK, RBC and MCH were significantly affected by L-carnitine (p<0.05). Blood gas parameter pH value was significantly affected by L-carnitine supplementation in the broilers with ascites. Blood gas pH value significantly increased with 100 mg/L L-carnitine supplementation compared to that of control (p<0.05). While blood pH was 7.21 in the animals with ascites, it was determined as 7.48 in healthy animals. Concentrations of SO2 and ctO2 were higher in healthy animals, while ctCO2P and hemoglobin concentrations were higher in ascitic animals (p<0.05). Conclusions. Ascites mortality rates starting from the control group were calculated respectively as %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67, 28.33 and 28.33%. 76.71% of total ascites deaths were in the 5th week. It was concluded that low doses of L-carnitine supplementation may have positive effects in the broilers grown at high altitude.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar los efectos de la L-carnitina como un medio potencial para reducir la incidencia de ascitis en pollos de engorde y su relación con parámetros fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Material y métodos. Se utilizaron 300 pollos de engorde machos de un día de edad (Ross 308) en el ensayo. El grupo sin suplementación de L-carnitina (0) se asignó como control y los grupos que recibieron suplementos de 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg/L de L-carnitina en agua se asignaron como grupos de tratamiento. La prueba se completó en 35 días. Resultados. La suplementación de L-carnitina no tuvo ningún efecto significativo sobre el aumento de peso vivo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y tasa de conversión alimenticia. Los niveles de plasma sanguíneo y los parámetros del hemograma HDL, triglicéridos, CK RBC y MCH se vieron afectados significativamente por L-carnitina (p<0.05). El valor del pH del parámetro del gas en sangre se vio significativamente afectado por la suplementación con L-carnitina en los pollos de engorde con ascitis. El valor del pH del gas en la sangre aumentó significativamente con la suplementación de 100 mg/L de L-carnitina en comparación con la del control (p<0.05). Mientras que el pH de la sangre fue de 7.21 en los animales con ascitis, se determinó como 7.48 en animales sanos. Las concentraciones de SO2 y ctO2 fueron mayores en animales sanos, mientras que las concentraciones de ctCO2P y hemoglobina fueron mayores en animales ascíticos (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Las tasas de mortalidad por ascitis a partir del grupo control se calcularon respectivamente como %; 20.00, 18.33, 26.67 y 28.33. 76.71% de las muertes totales de ascitis fueron en la quinta semana. Se concluyó que dosis bajas de suplementos de L-carnitina pueden tener efectos positivos en los pollos de engorde criados a gran altitude.
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Animals , Ascites , Chickens , Hypertension, Pulmonary , AcetylcarnitineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: L-carnitine not only alleviates hyperammonemia and reduces muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis, but also improves anemia in patients with chronic hepatitis and renal dysfunction. This study prospectively evaluated the preventative efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation against hemolytic anemia during antiviral treatment using ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related chronic liver disease. METHODS: A total of 41 patients with chronic hepatitis were consecutively enrolled in this study. Group A (n=22) received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 3 months, whereas group B (n=19) was treated with sofosbuvir, ribavirin, and L-carnitine. Hemoglobin concentration changes, the effects of antiviral treatment, and the health status of patients were analyzed using short form-8 questionnaires. RESULTS: A significantly smaller decrease in hemoglobin concentration was observed in group B compared to group A at every time point. Moreover, the prescribed dose intensity of ribavirin in group B was higher than that of group A, resulting in a higher ratio of sustained virological response (SVR) 24 in group B compared with group A. The physical function of patients in group B was also significantly improved compared to group A at the end of antiviral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine supplementation alleviates ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in patients with HCV and helps relieve the physical burden of treatment with ribavirin-containing regimens. These advantages significantly increase the likelihood of achieving SVR.
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Humans , Anemia , Anemia, Hemolytic , Carnitine , Drug Therapy , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis C, Chronic , Hepatitis , Hepatitis, Chronic , Hyperammonemia , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Diseases , Muscle Cramp , Prospective Studies , Ribavirin , SofosbuvirABSTRACT
To observe therapeutic effect of L‐carnitine combined cyclic adenosine monophosphate and its influence on serum levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 in patients with viral myocarditis .Methods : A total of 132 VMC pa‐tients treated in our hospital from 2017 to 2018 were randomly and equally divided into L‐carnitine group and com‐bined treatment group (received cAMP based on L‐carnitine group ) , both groups were treated for two weeks .Pe‐ripheral serum levels of IFN‐γ , IL‐4 , cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK‐MB) be‐fore and two weeks after treatment , therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse drug reactions were observed and compared between two groups .Results : Compared with before treatment , there was significant rise in serum IL‐4 level , and significant reductions in serum levels of IFN‐γ , cTnT and CK‐MB in two groups after two‐week treat‐ment , P＝0. 001 all ;compared with L‐carnitine group , there was significant rise in serum IL‐4 level [ (47. 43 ± 9.17) ng／ml vs.(55. 38 ± 10.23 ) ng／ml] , and significant reductions in serum levels of IFN‐γ [ (65.22 ± 11.82 ) ng／ml vs .(52.18 ± 10.06) ng／ml] , cTnT [ (0. 37 ± 0.09) ng／ml vs.(0.18 ± 0.03) ng／ml] and CK‐MB [ (28.56 ± 5. 34) U／L vs.(16. 22 ± 3. 47) U／L] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Total effective rate of com‐bined treatment group was significantly higher than that of L‐carnitine group (92.4% vs.80.3%) , P＝ 0.042. There was no significant difference in incidence rate of adverse drug reactions between two groups , P＝0. 784. Con‐clusion : L‐carnitine combined cAMP can significantly reduce peripheral serum IFN‐γ level and increase IL‐4 level , regulate Th1／Th2 imbalance with significant therapeutic effect in VMC patients .And its safety is good .